ࡱ> _ bjbjzyzy 746b6b#<<<<<PPP8|P-0  (@ @ @ t!t!t!,,,,,,,$M.1F,<F$t!t!F$F$,<<@ @ 4,(((F$<@ <@ ,(F$,((+t+@ 2H&*+,,0-+I2r'I2++&I2<+t!"h(n"T"t!t!t!,,6(t!t!t!-F$F$F$F$I2t!t!t!t!t!t!t!t!t!B : SECTION 03 33 00 ARCHITECTURAL CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE GENERAL RELATED DOCUMENTS Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. SUMMARY This Section specifies cast-in-place architectural concrete including form facings, reinforcement accessories, concrete materials, concrete mixture design, placement procedures, and finishes. Related Sections include the following: LIST BELOW ONLY PRODUCTS AND CONSTRUCTION THAT THE READER MIGHT EXPECT TO FIND IN THIS SECTION BUT ARE SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE. Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for formwork; material, fabrication, and installation requirements for steel reinforcement; and field quality control. Division07 Section "Joint Sealants" for elastomeric joint sealants in contraction and other joints in cast-in-place architectural concrete. DEFINITIONS IDENTIFY CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE ON DRAWINGS AND DISTINGUISH FROM STRUCTURAL CONCRETE AND OTHER CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE ARCHITECTURAL. Architectural Cast-in-Place Concrete: Formed concrete that is exposed to view on surfaces of completed structure or building and that requires special concrete materials, formwork, placement, or finishes to obtain specified architectural appearance. DEFINITION BELOW REFERS TO THOSE MATERIALS THAT MAKE UP CEMENTITIOUS COMPONENT OF WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO. Cementitious Materials: Portland cement alone or in combination with one or more of the following: blended hydraulic cement, fly ash and other pozzolans, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume; subject to compliance with requirements. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF NO DESIGN REFERENCE SAMPLE, CHOSEN BY ARCHITECT DURING CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION, IS PROPOSED. Design Reference Sample: Sample designated by Architect in the Contract Documents that reflects acceptable surface quality and appearance of cast-in-place architectural concrete. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW UNLESS TERM IS USED IN DESCRIPTION OF EXPOSED-AGGREGATE FINISH. Reveal: Projection of coarse aggregate from matrix or mortar after completion of exposure operations. SUBMITTALS Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Samples: For each of the following materials: RETAIN APPLICABLE SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW. ADD SAMPLES OF OTHER MATERIALS IF REQUIRED. Form-facing panel. Form ties. Form liners. Coarse- and fine-aggregate gradations. Chamfers and rustications. SAMPLES IN PARAGRAPH BELOW MAY OR MAY NOT BE REPRESENTATIVE OF A CONTRACTOR'S PRODUCTION ON A PROJECT. ALTHOUGH THE PRACTICE OF MANUFACTURING SAMPLES OF PLANT-PRECAST ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE IS WIDESPREAD, SAMPLES OF CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE MAY BE DIFFICULT TO REPRODUCE IN THE FIELD. Samples for Verification: Architectural concrete Samples, cast vertically, approximately 18 by 18 by 2 inches (450 by 450 by 50 mm), of finishes, colors, and textures to match design reference sample. Include Sample sets showing the full range of variations expected in these characteristics. COORDINATE PARAGRAPH BELOW WITH QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS IN DIVISION1 SECTION "QUALITY REQUIREMENTS" AND AS SUPPLEMENTED IN "QUALITY ASSURANCE" ARTICLE. DELETE PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF MATERIAL TEST REPORTS ARE NOT REQUIRED. Material Test Reports: For the following, from a qualified testing agency, indicating compliance with requirements: RETAIN OPTION IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF RETAINING SERVICE RECORD DATA WITH "NORMAL-WEIGHT AGGREGATES" PARAGRAPH IN PART2 "CONCRETE MATERIALS" ARTICLE. Aggregates.[Include service record data indicating absence of deleterious expansion of concrete due to alkali-aggregate reactivity]. DELETE PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF MATERIAL CERTIFICATES ARE NOT REQUIRED. Material Certificates: For each of the following, signed by manufacturer: EDIT LIST BELOW TO SUIT PROJECT. Cementitious materials. Admixtures. Form materials and form-release agents. Repair materials. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF NO PREINSTALLATION CONFERENCE. Minutes of preinstallation conference. QUALITY ASSURANCE Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm experienced in manufacturing ready-mixed concrete products and that complies with ASTMC94/C94M requirements for production facilities and equipment. DELETE SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF NOT REQUIRED. Manufacturer certified according to NRMCA's "Certification of Ready Mixed Concrete Production Facilities." RETAIN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW IF CONTRACTOR OR MANUFACTURER SELECTS TESTING AGENCY. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent agency qualified according to ASTMC1077 and ASTME329 for testing indicated, as documented according to ASTME548. RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW, REQUIRED BY ACI301 AND ASTMC31/C31M, IF EMPHASIS IS NEEDED. ASTMC1077 NOTES RELEVANT FIELD OR LABORATORY TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION BY ACI, NRMCA, AND PCA, OR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CERTIFICATION IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES MAY DEMONSTRATE EVIDENCE OF COMPETENCE. Personnel conducting field tests shall be qualified as ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician, Grade1, according to ACICP-01 or an equivalent certification program. RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF REQUIRING MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR LABORATORY PERSONNEL PERFORMING TESTING AND FOR LABORATORY SUPERVISOR. Personnel performing laboratory tests shall be an ACI-certified Concrete Strength Testing Technician and Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician - GradeI. Testing Agency laboratory supervisor shall be an ACI-certified Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician - GradeII. Source Limitations for Cast-in-Place Architectural Concrete: Obtain each color, size, type, and variety of concrete material and concrete mixture from one manufacturer with resources to provide cast-in-place architectural concrete of consistent quality in appearance and physical properties. ACI Publications: Comply with the following unless modified by requirements in the Contract Documents: RETAIN SECOND OPTION IN FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF ACI301, SECTION6, FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE IS TO SUPPLEMENT ACI303.1. ACI301, "Specification for Structural Concrete,"[Sections1 through 5.][Sections1 through 5 and Section6, "Architectural Concrete."] ACI303.1, "Specification for Cast-in-Place Architectural Concrete." Concrete Testing Service: Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform material evaluation tests and to design concrete mixtures. FIELD SAMPLE PANELS MAY BE USED TO VERIFY THAT CONTRACTOR CAN PRODUCE CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE OF REQUIRED FINISH, COLOR, AND TEXTURE. ON SIMPLER PROJECTS, FIELD SAMPLES MAY SUFFICE AND MAKE MOCKUPS UNNECESSARY. FOR MORE COMPLEX PROJECTS, FIELD SAMPLES MAY BE NEEDED BEFORE PRODUCING FULL-SCALE MOCKUPS. Field Sample Panels: After approval of verification sample and before casting architectural concrete, produce field sample panels to demonstrate the approved range of selections made under sample submittals. Produce a minimum of 3 sets of full-scale panels, cast vertically, approximately 48 by 48 by 6 inches (1200 by 1200 by 150 mm) minimum, to demonstrate the expected range of finish, color, and texture variations. Locate panels as indicated or, if not indicated, as directed by Architect. Demonstrate methods of curing, aggregate exposure, sealers, and coatings, as applicable. In presence of Architect, damage part of an exposed-face surface for each finish, color, and texture, and demonstrate materials and techniques proposed for repair of tie holes and surface blemishes to match adjacent undamaged surfaces. Maintain field sample panels during construction in an undisturbed condition as a standard for judging the completed Work. Demolish and remove field sample panels when directed. DELETE PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF FIELD SAMPLE PANELS WILL SUFFICE AND ADDED EXPENSE OF MOCKUPS IS NOT REQUIRED. IF RETAINING, INDICATE LOCATION, SIZE, AND OTHER DETAILS OF MOCKUPS ON DRAWINGS OR BY INSERTS. REVISE WORDING IF ONLY ONE MOCKUP IS REQUIRED. Mockups: Before casting architectural concrete, build mockups to verify selections made under sample submittals and to demonstrate typical joints, surface finish, texture, tolerances, and standard of workmanship. Build mockups to comply with the following requirements, using materials indicated for the completed Work: REVISE OR DELETE SIX SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW TO SUIT PROJECT. Build mockups in the location and of the size indicated or, if not indicated, as directed by Architect. RETAIN FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW FOR LARGE-SCALE MOCKUP OR INCLUDE IN DIVISION 1 SECTION "QUALITY REQUIREMENTS." INDICATE ON DRAWINGS' PORTION OF WALL REPRESENTED BY MOCKUP OR DRAW MOCKUP AS SEPARATE ELEMENT. INCLUDE REQUIREMENTS IN OTHER SECTIONS FOR INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS SUCH AS BRICK, WINDOWS, DOORS, COPINGS, OR SEALANTS NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE MOCKUP. Build mockups of typical exterior wall of cast-in-place architectural concrete as shown on Drawings. Demonstrate curing, cleaning, and protecting of cast-in-place architectural concrete, finishes, and contraction joints, as applicable. In presence of Architect, damage part of the exposed-face surface for each finish, color, and texture, and demonstrate materials and techniques proposed for repair of tie holes and surface blemishes to match adjacent undamaged surfaces. Obtain Architect's approval of mockups before casting architectural concrete. RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF MOCKUPS ARE ERECTED AS PART OF BUILDING RATHER THAN SEPARATELY AND THE INTENTION IS TO MAKE AN EXCEPTION TO THE DEFAULT REQUIREMENT IN DIVISION1 SECTION "QUALITY REQUIREMENTS" FOR DEMOLISHING AND REMOVING MOCKUPS WHEN DIRECTED, UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time of Substantial Completion. PREINSTALLATION CONFERENCE BELOW, WHICH IS DESIRABLE FOR MAJOR CONCRETE INSTALLATIONS, HELPS MINIMIZE MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND REVIEWS PROJECT CONDITIONS THAT MIGHT LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS. DELETE PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS IF WORK OF THIS SECTION IS NOT EXTENSIVE OR COMPLEX ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY A PREINSTALLATION CONFERENCE. IF RETAINING, COORDINATE WITH DIVISION1. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements in Division01 Section "Project Management and Coordination." RETAIN FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH AND ASSOCIATED SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF WARRANTED BY COMPLEXITY OF DESIGN MIXTURE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE MATERIALS. Before submitting design mixtures, review concrete design mixture and examine procedures for ensuring quality of concrete materials. Require representatives of each entity directly concerned with cast-in-place architectural concrete to attend, including the following: Contractor's superintendent. Independent testing agency responsible for concrete design mixtures. Ready-mix concrete manufacturer. Cast-in-place architectural concrete subcontractor. Review [concrete finishes and finishing,] [cold- and hot-weather concreting procedures,] [curing procedures,] [construction joints,] [forms and form-removal limitations,] [reinforcement accessory installation,] [concrete repair procedures,] and protection of cast-in-place architectural concrete. PRODUCTS FORM-FACING MATERIALS General: Comply with Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for formwork and other form-facing material requirements. Form-Facing Panels for [As-Cast] [Exposed-Aggregate] Finishes: Steel, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, or other approved nonabsorptive panel materials that will provide continuous, true, and smooth architectural concrete surfaces. Furnish in largest practicable sizes to minimize number of joints. RETAIN PARAGRAPH ABOVE OR BELOW DEPENDING ON TYPE OF SURFACE FINISH, COLOR, AND TEXTURE SOUGHT, OR REVISE TO SPECIFY ANOTHER FORM-FACING MATERIAL. ACI303.1 REQUIRES FORMWORK TO HAVE A HIGH-DENSITY, NON-VAPOR-TRANSMITTING FORM FACE. STEEL AND GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC ABOVE ARE USUALLY CONSIDERED NON-VAPOR TRANSMITTING. OVERLAID PLYWOODS BELOW, ALTHOUGH NOT COMPLETELY NON-VAPOR TRANSMITTING, MINIMIZE MOISTURE ABSORPTION INTO PANEL. OF OPTIONS BELOW, HIGH-DENSITY OVERLAID PLYWOOD AND FINNISH BIRCH IMPART A GLOSSY FINISH; MEDIUM-DENSITY OVERLAID PLYWOOD IMPARTS A MATTE FINISH. VERIFY THAT MILL-APPLIED RELEASE AGENT TO MEDIUM-DENSITY OVERLAY DOES NOT RESULT IN BLOTCHY OR STAINED CONCRETE SURFACES. Form-Facing Panels for [As-Cast] [Exposed-Aggregate] Finishes: Exterior-grade plywood panels, nonabsorptive, that will provide continuous, true, and smooth architectural concrete surfaces, [high-density overlay, Class1, or better] [medium-density overlay, Class1, or better, mill-applied release agent and edge sealed], complying with DOCPS1[,or Finnish phenolic overlaid birch plywood]. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF NO CYLINDRICAL COLUMNS, PEDESTALS, OR SUPPORTS. FORMS BELOW LEAVE JOINT IMPRESSIONS IN SPIRAL OR STRAIGHT LINES. LIMIT TYPES OF FORMS IF PARTICULAR PATTERN OF JOINT IS REQUIRED. DIFFERENT RELEASE TREATMENTS OF FORMS ALSO AFFECT APPEARANCE OF AS-CAST SURFACES. Forms for Cylindrical Columns, Pedestals, and Supports: Metal, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, paper, or fiber tubes that will provide surfaces with gradual or abrupt irregularities not exceeding specified formwork surface class. Provide units with sufficient wall thickness to resist plastic concrete loads without detrimental deformation. DELETE SECTIONAL PAN FORMS USED IN ONE-WAY CONCRETE JOIST CONSTRUCTION IF IRREGULARITIES ON FORMED SURFACES MAY EXCEED ACI117, CLASSC SURFACE FINISHES AND THAT WILL BE UNACCEPTABLE. SEE CRSI'S ENGINEERING DATA REPORT#43. Pan-Type Forms: Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic or formed steel, stiffened to resist plastic concrete loads without detrimental deformation. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF FORM LINERS ARE NOT USED. REVISE TO ADD DESCRIPTION OR PRODUCT NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS IF REQUIRED. FORM LINERS MAY BE PRODUCED FROM TEXTURED PLYWOOD, WOOD STRIPS, AND METALS, ALTHOUGH MOST ARE PRODUCED FROM THERMOPLASTIC SHEET MATERIALS SUCH AS POLYSTYRENE, PVC, OR ABS; THERMOSETTING PLASTICS SUCH AS GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED POLYESTER; AND POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS. Form Liners: Units of face design, texture, arrangement, and configuration [indicated] [to match design reference sample]. Furnish with manufacturer's recommended liquid-release agent that will not bond with, stain, or adversely affect concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent surface treatments of concrete. INDICATE SIZES, LOCATIONS, AND DETAILS OF RUSTICATION STRIPS. Rustication Strips: Metal, rigid plastic, or dressed wood with sides beveled and back kerfed; nonstaining; in longest practicable lengths. DELETE CHAMFER STRIPS BELOW IF CHAMFERING IS NOT PERMITTED. ADD OTHER CONFIGURATIONS OR DIMENSIONS IF NEEDED. Chamfer Strips: Metal, rigid plastic, elastomeric rubber, or dressed wood, 3/4 by 3/4 inch (19 by 19 mm), minimum; nonstaining; in longest practicable lengths. Form Joint Tape: Compressible foam tape; pressure sensitive; AAMA800, "Specification810.1, Expanded Cellular Glazing Tape"; minimum 1/4 inch (6 mm) thick. Form Joint Sealant: Elastomeric sealant complying with ASTMC920, TypeM or S, GradeNS, that adheres to form joint substrates. Sealer: Penetrating, clear, polyurethane wood form sealer formulated to reduce absorption of bleed water and prevent migration of set-retarding chemicals from wood. Form-Release Agent: Commercially formulated colorless form-release agent that will not bond with, stain, or adversely affect architectural concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent treatments of those surfaces. Formulate form-release agent with rust inhibitor for steel form-facing materials. SURFACE RETARDER BELOW IS APPLIED TO THE FORM TO RETARD SURFACE HARDENING, IF NEEDED, FOR SOME EXPOSED-AGGREGATE FINISHES. Surface Retarder: Chemical liquid set retarder, for application on form-facing materials, capable of temporarily delaying final hardening of newly placed concrete surface to depth of reveal specified. FORM TIE OPTIONS IN PARAGRAPH BELOW HAVE BEEN LIMITED TO HEAVY-DUTY, GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC TIES; INTERNALLY DISCONNECTING TIES SUCH AS SHE-BOLT AND COIL TIES; AND REMOVABLE TIES SUCH AS GREASED TAPER TIES AND PLASTIC-SLEEVED THREADED BARS. LIGHT-DUTY SNAP-OFF TIES SUCH AS LOOP, FLAT, AND SNAP TIES ARE NOT INCLUDED. REMOVABLE TIES LEAVE HOLES THAT PENETRATE CONCRETE AND MAY REQUIRE PLUGGING. ADD STAINLESS-STEEL TIES IF REQUIRED. Form Ties: Factory-fabricated, [glass-fiber-reinforced plastic] [internally disconnecting] [or] [removable] ties designed to resist lateral pressure of fresh concrete on forms and to prevent spalling of concrete on removal. DELETE SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF LIMITING TIES TO GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC. DELETE FIRST OPTION IN SUBPARAGRAPH IF NOT REQUIRED. Furnish ties[with tapered tie cone spreaders] that, when removed, will leave holes [3/4 inch (19 mm)] [1 inch (25 mm)] [1-1/4 inches (32 mm)] [1-1/2 inches (38 mm)] in diameter on concrete surface. DELETE THREE SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF REMOVABLE TIES ARE REQUIRED. RETAIN OPTION IN FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH IF EXPOSED AGGREGATE FINISH IS REQUIRED. Furnish internally disconnecting ties that will leave no metal closer than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm)[,after exposing aggregate,] from the architectural concrete surface. GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC FORM TIES, CUT FLUSH WITH CONCRETE SURFACE, LEAVE NO HOLES. DIAMETERS OF 1/2 AND 1 INCH (13 AND 25 MM) ARE PRODUCED. VERIFY SIZES AND COLOR AVAILABILITY WITH MANUFACTURERS. Furnish glass-fiber-reinforced plastic ties, not less than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter, of color [to match Architect's sample] [selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range]. Furnish ties with integral water-barrier plates to walls indicated to receive dampproofing or waterproofing. STEEL REINFORCEMENT AND ACCESSORIES General: Comply with Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for steel reinforcement and other requirements for reinforcement accessories. Bar Supports: Bolsters, chairs, spacers, and other devices for spacing, supporting, and fastening reinforcing bars and welded-wire fabric in place; manufacture according to CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice." REVISE COLOR OF PLASTIC IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW TO COLOR CLOSER TO CONCRETE AFTER VERIFYING AVAILABILITY IF REQUIRED. Where legs of wire bar supports contact forms, use [gray, all-plastic] [CRSI Class1, gray, plastic-protected] [or] [CRSI Class2, stainless-steel] bar supports. CONCRETE MATERIALS Cementitious Material: Use the following cementitious materials, of the same type, brand, and source, throughout Project: SELECT TYPE AND COLOR OF PORTLAND CEMENT FROM OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW. Portland Cement: ASTMC150, Type[I] [II] [I/II] [III], [gray] [white].[Supplement with the following:] SELECT SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTING MATERIALS FROM THREE SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF PERMITTED. READY-MIX MANUFACTURER BLENDS THESE MATERIALS WITH PORTLAND CEMENT. FLY ASH, SLAG, SILICA FUME, OR POZZOLANIC MATERIALS MAY SLOW RATE OF CONCRETE STRENGTHENING AND AFFECT COLOR UNIFORMITY. AVAILABILITY OF CLASSF FLY ASH PREDOMINATES OVER CLASSC FLY ASH. NOTE: FLY ASH SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR ARCHITECTURALLY EXPOSED CONCRETE, BECAUSE THE FLY ASH MAY COME FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AND THEREFORE HAVE DIFFERENT COLORS, AND CONSEQUENTLY MAY RESULT IN DIFFERENT COLORS OF THE EXPOSED CONCRETE. Fly Ash: ASTMC618, Class[C] [F]. RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF FACTORY-BLENDED HYDRAULIC CEMENT IS PERMITTED; VERIFY AVAILABILITY OF OPTIONS BEFORE SPECIFYING. FLY ASH, SLAG, OR POZZOLANIC MATERIALS IN THE NONPORTLAND CEMENT PART OF BLENDED HYDRAULIC CEMENT MAY SLOW RATE OF CONCRETE STRENGTHENING AND AFFECT COLOR UNIFORMITY. Blended Hydraulic Cement: ASTMC595, Type[IS, portland blast-furnace slag] [IP, portland-pozzolan] [I (PM), pozzolan-modified portland] [I (SM), slag-modified portland] cement. SELECT CLASS OF AGGREGATE FROM OPTIONS IN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW OR REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT. ASTMC33 LIMITS DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES IN COARSE AGGREGATE DEPENDING ON CLIMATE SEVERITY AND IN-SERVICE LOCATION OF CONCRETE. EXPOSED ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE IS CLASSIFIED AS CLASS5S OR 5M. FOR NEGLIGIBLE WEATHERING REGIONS, CLASS1N IS STRICTER THAN CLASS 2N. RETAIN LAST OPTION IF DAMAGE CAUSED BY CONCRETE EXPANSION FROM ALKALI-SILICA OR ALKALI-CARBONATE REACTIONS MAY BE ANTICIPATED. Normal-Weight Aggregates: ASTMC33, Class[5S] [5M] [1N] coarse aggregate or better, graded. Provide aggregates from a single source[with documented service record data of at least 10 years' satisfactory service in similar applications and service conditions using similar aggregates and cementitious materials]. SELECT COARSE-AGGREGATE SIZE AND GRADATION FROM OPTIONS IN TWO SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW. SEE EVALUATIONS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. INDICATE LOCATIONS OF CONCRETE IF USING DIFFERENT AGGREGATE SIZES AND GRADATIONS. GAP-GRADED AGGREGATES PRODUCE A HARSH MIX THAT IS DIFFICULT TO PLACE WITH UNIFORM RESULTS; DETERMINE WORKABLE MIXTURE PROPORTIONS THAT ACHIEVE A PREDICTABLE APPEARANCE. ADD COLOR REQUIREMENTS OR SPECIAL AGGREGATE DESCRIPTIONS IF PRESELECTED. Maximum Coarse Aggregate Size: [1 inch (25 mm)] [3/4 inch (19 mm)] [1/2 inch (13 mm)] [3/8 inch (10 mm)]. Gradation: [Uniformly] [Gap] graded. Normal-Weight Fine Aggregate: [ASTMC33] [or] [ASTMC144], manufactured or natural sand, from same source for entire Project. Water: Potable, complying with ASTMC94/C94M except free of wash water from mixer washout operations. ADMIXTURES Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTMC260. Chemical Admixtures: Provide admixtures certified by manufacturer to be compatible with other admixtures and that will not contribute water-soluble chloride ions exceeding those permitted in hardened concrete. Do not use calcium chloride or admixtures containing calcium chloride. SELECT ONE OR MORE CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FROM SIX SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW. Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTMC494/C494M, TypeA. Retarding Admixture: ASTMC494/C494M, TypeB. Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture: ASTMC494/C494M, TypeD. High-Range, Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTMC494/C494M, TypeF. High-Range, Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture: ASTMC494/C494M, TypeG. Plasticizing and Retarding Admixture: ASTMC1017/C1017M, TypeII. RETAIN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW FOR INTEGRALLY COLORED CONCRETE. Color Pigment: ASTMC979, synthetic mineral-oxide pigments or colored water-reducing admixtures; color stable,[free of carbon black,] nonfading, and resistant to lime and other alkalis. SELECT ONE OF THREE OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW. Color: [As indicated by manufacturer's designation] [Match Architect's sample] [As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range]. CURING MATERIALS SELECT CURING AIDS AND MATERIALS FROM THIS ARTICLE; RETAIN OPTIONAL MATERIALS IF APPLICABLE. Absorptive Cover: AASHTOM182, Class2, burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, weighing approximately 9 oz./sq. yd. (305 g/sq. m) when dry. Moisture-Retaining Cover: ASTMC171, polyethylene film or white burlap-polyethylene sheet. RETAIN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF A WATERBORNE, MEMBRANE-FORMING CURING COMPOUND IS REQUIRED. Waterborne, Membrane-Forming Curing Compound: ASTMC309, Type1, ClassB. For integrally colored concrete, curing compound shall be[pigmented type] approved by color pigment manufacturer. For concrete indicated to be sealed, curing compound shall be compatible with sealer. REPAIR MATERIALS BONDING AGENT IN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW MAY BE USED DIRECTLY FROM CONTAINER OR AS AN ADMIXTURE IN CEMENT OR SAND-CEMENT SLURRIES AND RUBBING GROUT. Bonding Agent: ASTMC1059, TypeII, nonredispersible, acrylic emulsion or styrene butadiene. Epoxy Bonding Adhesive: ASTMC881, two-component epoxy resin, capable of humid curing and bonding to damp surfaces, of class suitable for application temperature and of grade to suit requirements. SELECT TYPES FROM OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW BASED ON SERVICE LOADINGS. Types[I and II, non-load bearing] [IV and V, load bearing], for bonding hardened or freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete. CONCRETE MIXTURES, GENERAL Prepare design mixtures for each type and strength of cast-in-place architectural concrete proportioned on basis of laboratory trial mixture or field test data, or both, according to ACI301. Use a qualified independent testing agency for preparing and reporting proposed design mixtures based on laboratory trial mixtures. Proportion concrete mixtures as follows: SELECT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FROM FIVE OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW OR REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT. Compressive Strength (28 Days): [5000 psi (34.5 MPa)] [4500 psi (31 MPa)] [4000 psi (27.6 MPa)] [3500 psi (24.1 MPa)] [3000 psi (20.7 MPa)]. REVISE WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO BELOW IF REQUIRED. WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO OF 0.46 IS MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED IN ACI303R. REVISE TO LOWER WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO IF NEEDED FOR CORROSION PROTECTION. COORDINATE WITH MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN SUBPARAGRAPH ABOVE. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio: 0.46. SELECT SLUMP LIMIT FROM THREE OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW OR REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT. Slump Limit: [3 inches (75 mm)] [4 inches (100 mm)] [8 inches (200 mm) for concrete with verified slump of 2 to 4 inches (50 to 100 mm) before adding high-range water-reducing admixture or plasticizing admixture] , plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). PERCENTAGES IN OPTIONS IN TWO SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW ARE DEFAULT AIR CONTENTS REQUIRED BY ACI301 FOR SEVERE EXPOSURE. REVISE PERCENTAGE OF AIR CONTENT REQUIRED IF USING GAP-GRADED AGGREGATE MIXTURES TO ACHIEVE GREATER WORKABILITY. Air Content: [5-1/2] percent, plus or minus 1.5 percent at point of delivery for 1-1/2-inch (38-mm) nominal maximum aggregate size. Air Content: [6] percent, plus or minus 1.5 percent at point of delivery for [1-inch (25-mm)] [3/4-inch (19-mm)] nominal maximum aggregate size. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS OTHER THAN PORTLAND CEMENT ARE NOT PERMITTED. REVISE TO ADD ACTUAL LIMITS TO CONCRETE MIXTURES IF REQUIRED. MORE RESTRICTIVE REQUIREMENTS THAN THOSE GOVERNING CONCRETE EXPOSED TO DEICERS MAY BE NEEDED TO ENSURE UNIFORM APPEARANCE AND COLOR CONSISTENCY. Cementitious Materials: For cast-in-place architectural concrete exposed to deicers, limit percentage, by weight, of cementitious materials other than portland cement according to ACI301 requirements. SELECT APPROPRIATE OPTION IN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW FOR CHLORIDE LIMITS. IDENTIFY PORTIONS OF BUILDING HAVING DIFFERENT LIMITS IF REQUIRED. PERCENTAGES BELOW REPEAT ACI301 LIMITS, RESPECTIVELY, FOR PRESTRESSED (POSTTENSIONED) CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE EXPOSED TO CHLORIDE, REINFORCED CONCRETE THAT WILL NOT BE DRY OR PROTECTED FROM MOISTURE, AND REINFORCED CONCRETE THAT WILL BE DRY OR PROTECTED FROM MOISTURE. ACI301 AND ACI318 (ACI318M) EXPRESS THIS PERCENTAGE BY WEIGHT OF CEMENT, NOT CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL. Limit water-soluble, chloride-ion content in hardened concrete to [0.06] [0.15] [0.30] [1.00] percent by weight of cement. Admixtures: Use admixtures according to manufacturer's written instructions. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF INTEGRALLY COLORED CONCRETE IS NOT REQUIRED. Color Pigment: Add color pigment to concrete mixture according to manufacturer's written instructions and to result in hardened concrete color consistent with approved mockup. CONCRETE MIXING TO MAINTAIN CONSISTENCY FROM BATCH TO BATCH AND TO PRODUCE UNIFORM ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE, READY-MIXED CONCRETE PRODUCED IN A CENTRAL PLANT IS REQUIRED. IN SOME LARGER PROJECTS, TEMPORARY BATCHING AND MIXING PLANTS MAY BE SET UP TO SITE PRODUCE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE ACCORDING TO ASTMC94/C94M. [Ready-Mixed] [or] [Site-Mixed] Architectural Concrete: Measure, batch, mix, and deliver concrete according to ASTMC94/C94M and furnish batch ticket information. Clean equipment used to mix and deliver cast-in-place architectural concrete to prevent contamination from other concrete. When air temperature is between 85 and 90 degF (30 and 32 degC), reduce mixing and delivery time from 1-1/2 hours to 75 minutes; when air temperature is above 90 degF (32 degC), reduce mixing and delivery time to 60 minutes. EXECUTION ADD AN ARTICLE LISTING ACCEPTABLE INSTALLERS HERE IF PREQUALIFICATION OF A CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED FOR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. CSI'S "SECTIONFORMAT" SUGGESTS THAT AN "ACCEPTABLE INSTALLERS" ARTICLE BE PLACED AT THE BEGINNING OF PART3 FOR "SPECIAL FINISHES WHERE AN UNUSUALLY HIGH QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP IS REQUIRED." FORMWORK General: Comply with Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for formwork, embedded items, and shoring and reshoring. Limit deflection of form-facing panels to not exceed ACI303.1 requirements. DELETE PARAGRAPH ABOVE OR FIRST PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW. RETAIN ABOVE IF ACI303.1 DEFLECTION LIMIT OF 1/400 OF SPAN IS SUFFICIENT. RETAIN BELOW IF AUGMENTING ACI303.1 DEFLECTION LIMIT WITH ACI301 LIMITS ON FIN DIMENSIONS. In addition to ACI303.1 limits on form-facing panel deflection, limit cast-in-place architectural concrete surface irregularities, designated by ACI347R as abrupt or gradual, as follows: SELECT SURFACE CLASS FROM THREE OPTIONS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW. ACI347R RECOMMENDS CLASSA FOR SURFACES PROMINENTLY EXPOSED TO PUBLIC VIEW, WHERE APPEARANCE IS OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE. ACI301 RECOGNIZES CLASSA AS A BASIS FOR A SMOOTH-FORM FINISH AND CLASSC FOR A ROUGH-FORM FINISH. Class[A, 1/8 inch (3.2 mm)] [B, 1/4 inch (6 mm)] [C, 1/2 inch (13 mm)]. Fabricate forms to result in cast-in-place architectural concrete that complies with ACI117, "Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials." RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF EXCEPTIONS TO ACI117 ARE REQUIRED. In addition to ACI117, comply with the following tolerances: Fabricate forms for easy removal without hammering or prying against concrete surfaces. Provide crush or wrecking plates where stripping may damage cast-in-place surfaces. Provide top forms for inclined surfaces steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Kerf wood rustications, keyways, reglets, recesses, and the like, for easy removal. Seal form joints and penetrations at form ties with form joint tape or form joint sealant to prevent cement paste leakage. Do not use rust-stained steel form-facing material. Provide temporary openings for cleanouts and inspection ports where interior area of formwork is inaccessible. Close openings with panels tightly fitted to forms and securely braced to prevent loss of concrete mortar. Locate temporary openings in forms at inconspicuous locations. RETAIN ONE OF TWO OPTIONS IN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW. ACI301 REQUIRES CHAMFERS, UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. [Chamfer] [Do not chamfer] exterior corners and edges of cast-in-place architectural concrete. Coat contact surfaces of wood rustications and chamfer strips with sealer before placing reinforcement, anchoring devices, and embedded items. Form openings, chases, offsets, sinkages, keyways, reglets, blocking, screeds, and bulkheads required in the Work. Determine sizes and locations from trades providing such items. Clean forms and adjacent surfaces to receive concrete. Remove chips, wood, sawdust, dirt, and other debris just before placing concrete. Retighten forms and bracing before placing concrete, as required, to prevent mortar leaks and maintain proper alignment. Coat contact surfaces of forms with form-release agent, according to manufacturer's written instructions, before placing reinforcement. RETAIN PARAGRAPH ABOVE FOR CONCRETE SURFACES THAT DO NOT REQUIRE SURFACE RETARDING. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW UNLESS EXPOSED-AGGREGATE SURFACES NEED SURFACE RETARDER TO ACHIEVE DESIRED FINISH. Coat contact surfaces of forms with surface retarder, according to manufacturer's written instructions, before placing reinforcement. DELETE PARAGRAPH BELOW IF FORM LINERS ARE NOT USED. Place form liners accurately to provide finished surface texture indicated. Provide solid backing and attach securely to prevent deflection and maintain stability of liners during concreting. Prevent form liners from sagging and stretching in hot weather. Seal joints of form liners and form liner accessories to prevent mortar leaks. Coat form liner with form-release agent. REINFORCEMENT AND INSERTS General: Comply with Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for fabricating and installing steel reinforcement. Securely fasten steel reinforcement and wire ties against shifting during concrete placement. Set wire ties with ends directed into concrete, not toward exposed concrete surfaces. REMOVING AND REUSING FORMS REVISE REMOVAL TIME IN PARAGRAPH BELOW IF REQUIRED. PERIOD OF 24 HOURS IS HALVED TO 12 HOURS IN ACI347R. ACI303.1 REQUIRES A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 24 HOURS AS LONG AS CONCRETE HAS ACHIEVED A MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 1000 PSI (6.9 MPA). IF APPROVED SURFACE APPEARANCE AND COLOR CAN BE ACHIEVED, AS VERIFIED ON FIELD SAMPLE PANELS OR MOCKUPS, BELOW MAY BE REVISED TO LEAVE FORMS IN PLACE UNTIL CONCRETE IS CURED. Formwork for sides of beams, walls, columns, and similar parts of the Work that does not support weight of concrete may be removed after cumulatively curing at not less than 50 degF (10 degC) for 24 hours after placing concrete, if concrete is hard enough to not be damaged by form-removal operations and curing and protection operations are maintained. Schedule form removal to maintain surface appearance that matches approved [field sample panels] [mockups]. RETAIN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC FORM TIES ARE REQUIRED. REVISE TO CUT OFF TIE AT EMBEDDED TIP OF CONE IF USING CONE SPREADERS. Cut off and grind glass-fiber-reinforced plastic form ties flush with surface of concrete. RETAIN OR REVISE ONE OF TWO OPTIONS IN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW. FIRST OPTION IS DEFAULT IN ACI301, SECOND IS ACI347R RECOMMENDATION. Leave formwork for beam soffits, joists, slabs, and other structural elements that support weight of concrete in place until concrete has achieved [28-day design compressive strength] [at least 70 percent of 28-day design compressive strength]. Remove forms only if shores have been arranged to permit removal of forms without loosening or disturbing shores. Clean and repair surfaces of forms to be reused in the Work. Do not use split, frayed, delaminated, or otherwise damaged form-facing material. Apply new form-release agent. When forms are reused, clean surfaces, remove fins and laitance, and tighten to close joints. Align and secure joints to avoid offsets. Do not use patched forms for cast-in-place architectural concrete surfaces. JOINTS REVISE CRITERIA IN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW TO SUIT LOCATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS ON PROJECT. Construction Joints: Install construction joints true to line with faces perpendicular to surface plane of cast-in-place architectural concrete so strength and appearance of concrete are not impaired, at locations indicated or as approved by Architect. Place joints perpendicular to main reinforcement. Continue reinforcement across construction joints, unless otherwise indicated. DELETE FIRST SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF KEYED JOINTS ARE NOT USED. RETAIN OPTION IF A MINIMUM EMBEDMENT DIMENSION IS REQUIRED. Form keyed joints as indicated.[Embed keys at least 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) into concrete.] Align construction joint within rustications attached to form-facing material. Locate joints for beams, slabs, joists, and girders in the middle third of spans. Offset joints in girders a minimum distance of twice the beam width from a beam-girder intersection. Locate horizontal joints in walls and columns at underside of floors, slabs, beams, and girders and at the top of footings or floor slabs. INSERT SPACING OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF PREFERRED. Space vertical joints in walls as indicated. Locate joints beside piers integral with walls, near corners, and in concealed locations where possible. SELECT BONDING MATERIAL BELOW, OR DELETE SUBPARAGRAPH IF BONDING MATERIALS ARE NOT PERMITTED. Use [bonding agent] [epoxy-bonding adhesive] at locations where fresh concrete is placed against hardened or partially hardened concrete surfaces. INDICATE CONTRACTION JOINT DETAILS, JOINT PATTERN, AND LOCATIONS ON DRAWINGS. JOINT LOCATION MAY BE INFLUENCED BY SIZE AND SHAPE OF CONCRETE ELEMENT, EXTENT OF SHRINKAGE CRACKING, CURING EFFECTIVENESS, AND AMOUNT OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT. CONSIDER JOINT SEALANT REQUIREMENTS, SPECIFIED IN DIVISION7 SECTION "JOINT SEALANTS," TO GUARD AGAINST MORTAR LEAKAGE. Contraction Joints: Form weakened-plane contraction joints true to line with faces perpendicular to surface plane of cast-in-place architectural concrete so strength and appearance of concrete are not impaired, at locations indicated or as approved by Architect. CONCRETE PLACEMENT Before placing concrete, verify that installation of formwork, form-release agent, reinforcement, and embedded items is complete and that required inspections have been performed. Do not add water to concrete during delivery, at Project site, or during placement unless approved by Architect. RETAIN PARAGRAPH ABOVE OR FIRST PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW. ACI301 PERMITS WATER TO BE ADDED TO CONCRETE MIXTURE ON-SITE TO ADJUST SLUMP, UP TO AMOUNT ALLOWED IN DESIGN MIXTURE. Before test sampling and placing concrete, water may be added at Project site, subject to limitations of ACI301. DELETE SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF HIGH-RANGE WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURES ARE NOT PERMITTED. Do not add water to concrete after adding high-range water-reducing admixtures to mixture. Deposit concrete continuously between construction joints. Deposit concrete to avoid segregation. Deposit concrete in horizontal layers of depth to not exceed formwork design pressures and in a manner to avoid inclined construction joints. Consolidate placed concrete with mechanical vibrating equipment according to ACI303.1. Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside forms. Insert and withdraw vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced locations to rapidly penetrate placed layer and at least 6 inches (150 mm) into preceding layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers of concrete that have begun to lose plasticity. Do not permit vibrators to contact forms. Cold-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI306.1 and as follows. Protect concrete work from physical damage or reduced strength that could be caused by frost, freezing actions, or low temperatures. When average high and low temperature is expected to fall below 40 degF (4.4 degC) for three successive days, maintain delivered concrete mixture temperature within the temperature range required by ACI301. Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice or snow. Do not place concrete on frozen subgrade or on subgrade containing frozen materials. Do not use calcium chloride, salt, or other materials containing antifreeze agents. Do not use chemical accelerators unless otherwise specified and approved in design mixtures. Hot-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI301 and as follows: Maintain concrete temperature below 90 degF (32 degC) at time of placement. Chilled mixing water or chopped ice may be used to control temperature, provided water equivalent of ice is calculated to total amount of mixing water. Using liquid nitrogen to cool concrete is Contractor's option. Fog-spray forms, steel reinforcement, and subgrade just before placing concrete. Keep subgrade uniformly moist without standing water, soft spots, or dry areas. FINISHES, GENERAL RETAIN THIS ARTICLE WITH "AS-CAST FORMED FINISHES" OR "EXPOSED-AGGREGATE FINISHES" ARTICLE. DELETE FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW IF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE FINISHES ARE NOT BASED ON A DESIGN REFERENCE SAMPLE. REVISE TO IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE DESIGN REFERENCE SAMPLE, IF APPROPRIATE. Architectural Concrete Finish: Match Architect's design reference sample, identified and described as indicated, to satisfaction of Architect. Related Unformed Surfaces: At tops of walls, horizontal offsets, and similar unformed surfaces adjacent to formed surfaces, strike off smooth and finish with a texture matching adjacent formed surfaces. Continue final surface treatment of formed surfaces uniformly across adjacent unformed surfaces, unless otherwise indicated. Maintain uniformity of special finishes over construction joints, unless otherwise indicated. AS-CAST FORMED FINISHES SELECT AS-CAST FINISHES FROM THIS ARTICLE IF REQUIRED. DESCRIPTIONS ARE BASED ON ACI301; REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT. COORDINATE FINISHES SELECTED WITH FINISH SCHEDULE OR INDICATE LOCATION OF EACH ON DRAWINGS. Rough-Formed Finish: As-cast concrete texture imparted by form-facing material with tie holes and defects repaired and patched. Remove fins and other projections exceeding specified limits on formed-surface irregularities. Smooth-Formed Finish: As-cast concrete texture imparted by form-facing material, arranged in an orderly and symmetrical manner with a minimum of seams. Remove fins and other projections exceeding specified limits on formed-surface irregularities. [Repair] [Do not repair] and patch tie holes and defects. IF RUBBED FINISH IS REQUIRED, RETAIN FIRST PARAGRAPH BELOW WITH PARAGRAPH ABOVE. RUBBED FINISHES ARE USUALLY NOT CONSIDERED ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES. Rubbed Finish: Apply the following to smooth-form-finished as-cast concrete where indicated: SELECT ONE OR MORE RUBBED FINISHES FROM THREE SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW. Smooth-Rubbed Finish: Not later than one day after form removal, moisten concrete surfaces and rub with carborundum brick or another abrasive until producing a uniform color and texture. Do not apply cement grout other than that created by the rubbing process. Grout-Cleaned Finish: Wet concrete surfaces and apply grout of a consistency of thick paint to coat surfaces and fill small holes. Mix one part portland cement to one and one-half parts fine sand with a 1:1 mixture of bonding admixture and water. Add white portland cement in amounts determined by trial patches so color of dry grout will match surrounding concrete. Scrub grout into voids and remove excess grout. When grout whitens, rub surface with clean burlap and keep surface damp by fog spray for at least 36 hours. Cork-Floated Finish: Wet concrete surfaces and apply a stiff grout. Mix one part portland cement and one part fine sand with a 1:1 mixture of bonding agent and water. Add white portland cement in amounts determined by trial patches so color of dry grout will match surrounding concrete. Compress grout into voids by grinding surface. In a swirling motion, finish surface with a cork float. Form-Liner Finish: Produce a textured surface free of pockets, streaks, and honeycombs, and of uniform appearance, color, and texture. EXPOSED-AGGREGATE FINISHES RETAIN THIS ARTICLE IF EXPOSED-AGGREGATE FINISHES ARE REQUIRED AND A DESCRIPTION OF FINISH IS NEEDED RATHER THAN THE STATEMENT "MATCH ARCHITECT'S DESIGN REFERENCE SAMPLE," AS IN "FINISHES, GENERAL" ARTICLE. RETAIN PARAGRAPH BELOW IF SCRUBBED FINISH, WHICH IS USUALLY APPLIED TO SURFACES TREATED WITH A SURFACE RETARDER, IS REQUIRED. Scrubbed Finish: After concrete has achieved a compressive strength of from 1000 to 1500 psi (6.9 to 10.3 MPa), apply scrubbed finish. Wet concrete surfaces thoroughly and scrub with stiff fiber or wire brushes, using water freely, until top mortar surface is removed and aggregate is uniformly exposed. Rinse scrubbed surfaces with clean water. Maintain continuity of finish on each surface or area of Work. Remove only enough concrete mortar from surfaces to match design reference sample or mockup. RETAIN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPH BELOW IF HIGH-PRESSURE WATER-JET FINISHES ARE REQUIRED. COORDINATE THIS FINISH WITH DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE ON PROJECT BECAUSE STRENGTH MUST BE A MINIMUM OF 4500 PSI (31 MPA). High-Pressure Water-Jet Finish: Perform high-pressure water jetting on concrete that has achieved a minimum compressive strength of 4500 psi (31 MPa). Coordinate with formwork removal to ensure that surfaces to be high-pressure water-jet finished are treated at same age for uniform results. Surface Continuity: Perform high-pressure water-jet finishing in as continuous an operation as possible, maintaining continuity of finish on each surface or area of Work. Maintain required patterns or variances in reveal projection to match design reference sample or mockup. RETAIN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF ABRASIVE-BLAST FINISHES ARE REQUIRED. Abrasive-Blast Finish: Perform abrasive blasting after compressive strength of concrete exceeds 2000 psi (13.8 MPa). Coordinate with formwork removal to ensure that surfaces to be abrasive blasted are treated at same age for uniform results. Surface Continuity: Perform abrasive-blast finishing in as continuous an operation as possible, maintaining continuity of finish on each surface or area of Work. Maintain required patterns or variances in depths of blast to match design reference sample or mockup. Abrasive Blasting: Abrasive blast corners and edges of patterns carefully, using backup boards, to maintain uniform corner or edge line. Determine type of nozzle, nozzle pressure, and blasting techniques required to match design reference sample or mockup. ADD SPECIFIC ABRASIVE MATERIALS OR PROCESSES IF REQUIRED FOR PROJECT. Depth of Cut: Use an abrasive grit of proper type and gradation to expose aggregate and surrounding matrix surfaces to match design reference sample or mockup, as follows: SELECT DEGREE OF ABRASIVE-BLAST CUT TO SUIT PROJECT. Brush: Remove cement matrix to dull surface sheen and expose face of fine aggregate; with no significant reveal. Light: Expose fine aggregate with occasional exposure of coarse aggregate and uniform color; with maximum reveal of 1/16 inch (1.5 mm). Medium: Generally expose coarse aggregate; with slight reveal, a maximum of 1/4 inch (6 mm). Heavy: Expose and reveal coarse aggregate to a maximum projection of one-third its diameter; with reveal range of 1/4 to 1/2 inch (6 to 13 mm). RETAIN PARAGRAPH AND SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW IF BUSHHAMMER FINISH IS REQUIRED. ACI303.1 REQUIRES THAT CONCRETE HAVE A MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 4500 PSI (31 MPA). ACI303R RECOMMENDS THAT CONCRETE HAVE A MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 4000 PSI (27.6 MPA) AND A MINIMUM AGE OF 14 DAYS TO PREVENT AGGREGATE LOOSENING. Bushhammer Finish: Allow concrete to cure at least 14 days before starting bushhammer surface finish operations. Surface Continuity: Perform bushhammer finishing in as continuous an operation as possible, maintaining continuity of finish on each surface or area of Work. Maintain required patterns or variances of cut as shown on Drawings or to match design reference sample or mockup. Surface Cut: Maintain required depth of cut and general aggregate exposure. Use power tool with hammer attachments for large, flat surfaces, and use hand hammers for small areas, at corners and edges, and for restricted locations where power tools cannot reach. Remove impressions of formwork and form facings with exception of tie holes. CONCRETE PROTECTING AND CURING General: Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold or hot temperatures. Comply with ACI306.1 for cold-weather protection and with ACI301 for hot-weather protection during curing. COORDINATE CURING METHODS WITH FORM REMOVAL, ESPECIALLY FOR AS-CAST FINISHES. CONCRETE IN BEAMS, COLUMNS, AND UNDERSIDES OF SLABS MAY BE CURED WITH FORMS LEFT IN PLACE IF INTENDED SURFACE APPEARANCE AND COLOR REMAIN UNIFORM AS VERIFIED ON SAMPLE PANELS OR MOCKUPS. Begin curing cast-in-place architectural concrete immediately after [removing forms from] [applying as-cast formed finishes to] concrete. Cure according to ACI308.1, by one or a combination of the following methods that will not mottle, discolor, or stain concrete: SELECT CURING METHOD(S) FROM THREE SUBPARAGRAPHS AND ASSOCIATED SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW. MOISTURE CURING MAY AFFECT CONCRETE COLOR. MOISTURE-RETAINING-COVER CURING MAY CAUSE MOTTLING OF CONCRETE. CURING COMPOUNDS MAY DISCOLOR OR PREVENT BONDING OF SEALERS AND COATINGS. Moisture Curing: Keep exposed surfaces of cast-in-place architectural concrete continuously moist for not less than seven days with the following materials: RETAIN FIRST THREE SUBPARAGRAPHS BELOW AS CONTRACTOR'S OPTIONS UNLESS NOT SUITED FOR PROJECT. Water. Continuous water-fog spray. Absorptive cover, water saturated and kept continuously wet. Cover concrete surfaces and edges with 12-inch (300-mm) lap over adjacent absorptive covers. Moisture-Retaining-Cover Curing: Cover concrete surfaces with moisture-retaining cover for curing concrete, placed in widest practicable width, with sides and ends lapped at least 12 inches (300 mm), and sealed by waterproof tape or adhesive. Cure for not less than seven days. Immediately repair any holes or tears during curing period; use cover material and waterproof tape. Curing Compound: Mist concrete surfaces with water. Apply curing compound uniformly in continuous operation by power spray or roller according to manufacturer's written instructions. Recoat areas subjected to heavy rainfall within three hours after initial application. Maintain continuity of coating and repair damage during curing period. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL General: Comply with Division03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for field quality-control requirements. REPAIRS, PROTECTION, AND CLEANING Repair and cure damaged finished surfaces of cast-in-place architectural concrete when approved by Architect. Match repairs to color, texture, and uniformity of surrounding surfaces and to repairs on approved mockups. Remove and replace cast-in-place architectural concrete that cannot be repaired and cured to Architect's approval. Protect corners, edges, and surfaces of cast-in-place architectural concrete from damage; use guards and barricades. Protect cast-in-place architectural concrete from staining, laitance, and contamination during remainder of construction period. Clean cast-in-place architectural concrete surfaces after finish treatment to remove stains, markings, dust, and debris. Wash and rinse surfaces according to concrete finish applicator's written recommendations. Protect other Work from staining or damage due to cleaning operations. Do not use cleaning materials or processes that could change the appearance of cast-in-place architectural concrete finishes. END OF SECTION 03 33 00 FOR MDACC USE ONLY. 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